SCP map Europe; SCP map Poland; Arduino. DX-Sherlock - QSO real time maps and listings - Shows QSO and SWL in real time, taking data from many different sources (DX-Cluster, WSPR, Reverse Beacon). The data values for power, height, gain, dir can be converted using the table below, or they can be calculated: power = the square root of your power. This window shows the same information and provides further features. - a tool for measuring distance and azimuthMap For Ham by Diego, IU1FIG, an incredible map application rx-tx. RTS and CTS are left. QSL_PP. . Ham Radio Maidenhead Grid Square Locator Geocoding with Google Maps by HA8TKS. Based on a work at this link. This link is listed in our web site directory since Sunday Dec 25 2005, and till today " Great Circles & QRA Locator Online " has been followed for a total of 3717 times. 00) In the Uv88_SoftWare_Eng subdirectory, edit the configuration file setting. uk. There have been several evolutions since, with a peak activity of a dozen repeaters ! By now, only 5 are currently active. The main category is Grid square locators that is about Amateur radio grid squares. Powered by OpenStreetMap/Leaflet and HeyWhatsThat Path Profiler. XBS-TELECOM. Version: 1. This letter denotes a segment covering 100 West to 120 West. QRA locator map - Rain Scatter map - et plus. The scale is 1 - 10, with 1 being poor and 10 being excellent. K3NG Keyer; K3NG rotator Ethernet; K3NG rotator for HAM IV; K3NG rotator universal interface; Arduino and SIM800L;. QRA Locator Wall Map Europe Version 1. In the early days of VHF, you could get awards for how many counties you worked from your location, and in fact you still can. Define Loss of Containment scenarios (LoCs) Assess the consequences (both effects and damage) for all LoCs. VOACAP Online HF PredictionsNew and updated data is shown on the map in real time without need to reload or refresh the page! Tracking data is stored in the database for six months. In the meantime it had become very<br />. The place is secluded and the bunkers are much overlooked by the locals, who keep on the main. The "Source serial port" should be. Imp. 1959 a code system was adopted for giving the location of a station. Use of the terms QTH. Argus. DR2W. OF_1. Argus d'avril 2020 . Move the mouse over the map and this page will show you the Maidenhead locator, latitude/longitude coordinates in WGS84 (both decimal and DMS), UTM as well as french. Airport information including flight arrivals, flight departures, instrument approach procedures. Maps. com in a single category. Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) is state of readiness and modus operandi of air defence maintained at all hours of the day by NATO air forces. All bands and modes are count for the award. Search. QRA locator map; Carte RS Europe; Circular SWR ruler; APRS; Arduino. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Hi Iain, Press the LookUp QRA button when you have a locator in the QRA Locator text box. Au existat doua sisteme mari si late: "Maidenhead QTH Locator System" - sistemul actual (incepand cu 1980), care foloseste 6 caractere si vechiul "QRA Locator System", cel care folosea 5 caractere. gridlocw grid locator for windows in the pascal-based environment of delphi. Ham Radio Wall Maps . Inspection of a QRA locator map will show that the most westerly locator likely to be encountered (on the west coast of Eire) will contain the first letter 'U'. " If you have your exact latitude and longitude entered, you can click the "up" arrow to populate the grid into the locator field. It also allows to send DX-Spots and more features. The next segment to the east has the letter 'Y' and its centre is 90 West. Imp. 00 European QRA Locator Map (V3) for Radioamateurs, ideal for the shack. €43. Amateur Radio Ham Radio Maidenhead Grid Locator in Google Maps. Imp. 76 = 52. You can also use this service to find your QTH/QRA locator (or your grid square) by simply pointing at a location on the map. €12. Argus. The last verification results, performed on (June 05, 2023) qra-locator-map. top 9 most popular system locator brands and get free shippingMoving the mouse over the map will show you latitude, longitude, WW locator of the mouse position (SCP) and azimut + distance from this SCP to your home location and to the DX location if you have set it. In our locator maps, that’s a click away. You can also use this service to find your QTH/QRA locator (or your grid square) by simply pointing at a location on the map. QRA locator map; Carte RS Europe; Circular SWR ruler; APRS; Arduino. Great circles qra locator map. €13. 2050 m Gravel; Radio beacons. <== click in profile to relocate map / identify obstacle. Latitude and Longitude geographical coordinates into Maidenhead Grid Square. Did the 1-81 have a QRA mission while stationed at Mainz and Wackernheim (1964-1968)? If so, where was the site located? 2. Salons-Concours etc. QRA locator map; Carte RS Europe; Circular SWR ruler; APRS; Arduino. Line 3: Alternatively, geographic coordinates and QRA locator + number of satellites received Line 4: Altitude, speed and heading. Map For Ham by Diego, IU1FIG, an incredible map application rx-tx. And in its final form the QRA-Locator consisted of a five-character code, viz. Was Strass near Neu Ulm an early QRA site (1969) for the 1-81? 4. Calendrier REF 2023. QRA-L ocator map, while at the Region 1 Conference in Scheveningen the system was re-baptised with the more appropriate name QTH-Locator. You can zoom the map with the help of the mouse wheel or the control on the upper left part. Cape Verde – See Cabo Verde . This letter denotes. HAM Wall Maps Special Offer. Great Circle Calculator. 00. QTH-Locator-Systeme wurden von Funkamateuren entwickelt und werden im Amateurfunk im UKW-Funkverkehr und. On the frequencies tab, you should specify your antenna (on a per-band basis). In totale il WW-Locator suddivide la Terra in 18. DR2W. The locator is a string of four or six characters that defines. nl BamiPorto. This link is listed in our web site directory since Wednesday Oct 6 2004, and till today "QRA to Lat/Long converter" has been followed for a total of 1547 times. CONVERTOR by TK5EP (2014-2021) CONVERTOR written by Patrick EGLOFF TK5EP Move the mouse over the map and this page will show you latitude and longitude coordinates in WGS84 (both decimal and DMS), UTM as well as Maidenhead format. Based on a work at this link. In the 70s, this system was widely used. Rand Airport (QRA) located in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. QRA locator map; Carte RS Europe; Circular SWR ruler; APRS; Arduino. K3NG Keyer; K3NG rotator Ethernet; K3NG rotator for HAM IV; K3NG rotator universal interface; Arduino and SIM800L; Station météo; HX711 mesure de poids; Economiser de la SRAM ! Arduino & SIM900; Arduino et mesure de tension; USB audio. QRA locator map - Rain Scatter map - et plus. This free PDF file contains two Worldwide grid square maps. Entering a QTH locator in the search box will move the map to the. QRA locator map - Rain Scatter map - et plus. New features have been added, such as: - search by QRA locator on 6 or 8 characters. Size. Main features: All european countries. KH6/OK2CQR). €13. This was the QRA-Locator system, devised in Germany, originally based on a two-stage sub-division of geographical longitudes and latitudes starting from the Greenwich meridian and from 40 degrees North. GridLocW - a Lat/Long. flat earth's curvature. a. New and updated data is shown on the map in real time without need to reload or refresh the page! Tracking data is stored in the database for six months. It is on board the Es-hail-2 satellite which was launched in 2018. For shortwave operations, usually four characters are enough, while for VHF or higher frequencies operations, six characters are preferred. "QTH locator", the old name "QRA" will be used here to avoid confusion with locator systems in general. This app displays the current value QTH Locator, calculated based on the geographical coordinates obtained from the satellites of the GPS system, mobile network, Wi-Fi. New and updated data is shown on the map in real time without need to reload or refresh the page! Tracking data is stored in the database for six months. Geog UK terrain heights. K3NG Keyer; K3NG rotator Ethernet; K3NG rotator for HAM IV; K3NG rotator universal interface; Arduino and SIM800L; Station météo; HX711 mesure de poids; Economiser de la SRAM ! Arduino & SIM900; Arduino et mesure de tension; USB audio interface; Wintest;. The data is automatically updated every 60 second. Azimuth Map with HAM prefixes Version 1. QRA Locator Map and this item does two jobs in one. Map; QRA. 680MHz USB. You can also use this service to find your QTH/QRA locator (or your grid square) by simply pointing at a location on the map. Print. READ IMPORTANT NOTE BELOW. Advanced Member. 10,120 MHz = 14,07 m. QTH Locator maps . 2) In the same way, create a new device by selecting "TcpClient". The Earths surface is divided into 324 "fields", each one is 20 degrees (longtitude) by 10 degrees (latitude). QRA locator map; Carte RS Europe; Circular SWR ruler; APRS; Arduino. 281). The main reason is pure convenience. Salons-Concours etc. Calendrier REF 2023. Clear searchQTH en GPS Locator. AE. HTF. Virtual radar tracking. The EZ QRA Locator softawre is a simple software for the calculation of QRA locators. The map contains data for the last 15 minutes. The IARU Locator (also known as the QTH Locator or Maidenhead Locator System) is based on a division of the globe, by latitude and longitude, into an 18 x 18 grid with origin (AA) at (90°S, 180°W). This is a small collection of links you may find useful. 6 This program calculates grid squares from latitudes and longitudes, the reverse, and calculates. Having recently acquired this small VHF/UHF UV-998 dual-band mobile transceiver from LEIXEN, here are some informations. PDF file can be enlarged and scaled to A3 and. Entering a QTH locator in the search box will move the map to the. 75 sec) into the map to determine the QRA locator. The Maidenhead Locator System (a. (by EI8IC)European QRA Locator Map (V3) for Radioamateurs, ideal for the shack. €13. Maidenhead/QTH Grid Square Locator - K7FRY. 281). Read the latest magazines about 5. It was discovered in 1502 by the. . HAM Wall Maps Special Offer. The QTH locator (or Maidenhead locator) is a handy and compact way of transmitting geographical coordinates used by radio amateurs. The QRA locator, also called QTH locator in some publications, is an obsolete geographic coordinate system used by amateur radio operators in Europe before the introduction of. QRA_V1. You can change it using Ctrl-R. (For uploading the web files for viewing the map). The gain and return loss use the same 40 graduations linear scale and the SWR is a special scale responding to the SWR vs power formula. 00. Enter with no spaces between characters. Export the locator map as an SVG or PDF, and then change the colors, opacity, etc. 12 INTRODUCTION OF LOCA and discover magazines on Yumpu. Most amateur will have a multi-mode DC to daylight transceiver which will be more than adequate to get. This WebSDR is located in the historical Kingdom of Wessex, South West UK, in QRA locator square IO80QR. Old QRA locator: Show © OK1ZIA 2015OK1ZIA 2015Great Circles & QRA Locator. The Maidenhead Locator System is a geocode system used by amateur radio operators to succinctly describe their geographic coordinates, which replaced the deprecated QRA locator, which was limited to European contacts. Antennas_manufacturers About Rtty mode. XBS-TELECOM. Latitude and Longitude in Decimal Degrees and Altitude in meters. NGR to IARU Locator. However, this ambiguity is unlikely to be a nuisance to. Réseau des Émetteurs Français. Displays your current QTH Locator via current GPS coordinates. orLanguage links are at the top of the page across from the title. Assess the failure frequencies and probabilities of all LoCs. program to make Great Circle maps from any location. It will give you directions for your antenna (or beam headings as they're known) but it will also do something else for you. This was the QRA-Locator system, devised in Germany, originally based on a two-stage sub-division of geographical longitudes and latitudes starting from the Greenwich meridian and from 40 degrees North. And in its final form the QRA-Locator consisted of a five-character code, viz. Imp. DXCenter DX Cluster - Online world map with live updates from the DX Cluster network, displaying new spots on the maps as they appear. It has been developed for a course on Visual Basic as an example. About this app. QTH Locator and IARU Locator) is a geographic co-ordinate system used by amateur radio operators to succinctly describe their locations, which replaced the deprecated QRA locator that was limited to European contacts. Add to cart HAM Wall Maps. The EZ QRA Locator softawre is a simple software for the calculation of QRA locators. You don't have to use a hi-res picture, it will be scaled to 600x600 pixels anyway. Termenul QTH Locator a fost utilizat pentru ambele sisteme. . - The distance and bearing from the receiver to the radiosonde. This app assumes that by default your device reports. Summits on the Air Mapping Page offers a dynamic, zoomable Locator grid map. Pages. This may be old news, but stumbled across this QRA Locator map today CONVERTOR by TK5EP (2014). 5 ± 1. Zurück. . The data values for power, height, gain, dir can be converted using the table below, or they can be calculated: power = the square root of your power. European DXCC table with coutry flag. The QRA amplitude A ˜ 7 ≈ (4. Powered by OpenStreetMap/Leaflet and HeyWhatsThat Path Profiler. This link is listed in our web site directory since Sunday Nov 25 2001, and till today "EZ QRA Locator" has been followed. This was the QRA-Locator system, devised in Germany, originally based on a two-stage sub-division of geographical longitudes and latitudes starting from the Greenwich meridian and from 40 degrees North. 281). Summaries 144 MHz in Europe. Choose a new virtual port number, for example COM3. Gear To get you started you don’t need to spend a lot of money on new gear. Click and you will. NDB: 316 "UTI", 252°/4. Need to find out a Maidenhead Locator quickly before going and operating somewhere. Argus. For example, the entrance to the elevator of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is “France 4J. CONVERTOR by TK5EP (2014-2021) CONVERTOR written by Patrick EGLOFF TK5EP Move the mouse over the map and this page will show you latitude and longitude coordinates in WGS84 (both decimal and DMS), UTM as well as Maidenhead format. Grid square: Locality: Country: Enter 6 character grid square or Enter locality or Click on the map! AD. 6) m s −1 matches well the observed A ˜ 7, o b s ≈ (4. Find your Maidenhead Locator (Gridsquare) or Worked All Britain Square by using your postal address. - a tool for measuring distance and azimuth. TK5EP's QRA locator (and more) map: SatNOGS DB is an effort to create an hollistic, unifield, global database for all artificial objects in space: VarAC HF/FM Digital Chat Reinvented: HamSignal website. The QRA locator is considered defunct, but may be found in some older documents. 4 square vertical system. Distributeur Matériel OM. Satellites, moon and space. Die Erdoberfläche wird dadurch in Felder unterteilt, die als Positionsangabe verwendet werden. AA to RR. You can also use this service to find your QTH/QRA locator (or your grid square) by simply pointing at a location on the map. As a radio transmitter or receiver location system the QRA locator is considered defunct, but may be found in many older documents. g. program to make Great Circle maps from any location. Once the HAAT value is obtained, it must be converted to feet (feet = m x 3. Private site Pawel SP2SGNThe QRA locator, also called QTH locator in some publications, is an obsolete geographic coordinate system used by amateur radio operators in Europe before the introduction of the Maidenhead Locator System. QTH Locator and IARU Locator) is a geocode system used by amateur radio operators to succinctly describe their geographic coordinates, which replaced the deprecated QRA locator, which was limited to European contacts. speaker/headphones without using browserFor example, QRA locator map for VHF/UHF contest. Geog is a suite of programs written by Andy Talbot. CONVERTOR by TK5EP (2014-2021) CONVERTOR written by Patrick EGLOFF TK5EP Move the mouse over the map and this page will show you latitude and longitude coordinates in WGS84 (both decimal and DMS), UTM as well as Maidenhead format. Celui-ci fonctionne normalement sous toutes les versions Windows Ses principales fonctionnalités sont : - calcul du QRA locator à partir de données géographiques. Poiché la lunghezza dei meridiani è costante mentre la lunghezza dei paralleli varia con la latitudine, i rettangoli non hanno tutti le stesse dimensioni. of the hillshades. BamiPorto. The scale is 1 - 10, with 1 being poor and 10 being excellent. What is a QRA-locator? The original QRA-Locator system, devised in Germany and adopted by the VHF Working Group in The Hague in October 1959, was based on geographical longitude and latitude using a grid with an origin of (0°W, 40° N) to provide coverage of Europe. Maps. This Winkeyer is intended to work with logbooks and/or contest management software. Geog UK terrain heights. In totale il WW-Locator suddivide la Terra in 18. Since some time, Google requests a billing account for the use of their Google maps, what i refuse to do. The QRA locator system was limited to describing European coordinates, and by the mid-1970s there was growing need for a global locator system. Search this site. World Prefix Wall Map for radio amateurs. GcmWin Great Circle Map. You can also use this service to find your QTH/QRA locator (or your grid square) by simply pointing at a location on the map. More information on how to create your own application, use hi-res picture or include WRC in other applications will follow. qld. Reputational Risk: Vote with your wallet folks; don’t support companies promoting anti-democratic behaviours & hate. QRA locator map; Carte RS Europe; Circular SWR ruler; APRS; Arduino. 6 + 9. If you’re creating a map about a hilly area, it’s helpful to show a shaded relief. DR2W. Measurements made with my IFR 2945A service monitor. Right click for more options. RAF Aerospace Systems Operators at RAF High Wycombe and Air Traffic. 3) m⋅s −1 of the following HPA. The system used two letters to indicate. GcmWin Great Circle Map. Region 2 — the Americas. Dr. on a map. 1959 a code system was adopted for giving the location of a station. From now on, the Leaflet API and free basemaps are used. Enter a WW locator in 6 or 8 character format (JN41IW or JN41IW80) the map will be centered and show the square limits. QRA locator map; SCP maps. This radio is sometimes also named VV-998 ! Please share your own experience with me, so I can improve this page. When the term 'grid square' is used, it can refer to a square with a side length of 10 km (6 mi), 1 km, 100 m (328 ft), 10 m or 1 m, depending on the precision of the coordinates provided. You don't have to use a hi-res picture, it will be scaled to 600x600 pixels anyway. Interactive map with the position of amateur radio repeater bridges and more: Connect your PC to DMR,Yaesu Fusion, Dstar, M17, P25, NXDN. VOACAP QTH Locator. QRA Locator Wall Map Europe Version 3. Large cities. 77. GridLocW - a Lat/Long. The QRA locator, also called QTH locator in some publications, is an obsolete geographic coordinate system used by amateur radio operators in Europe before the introduction of the Maidenhead Locator System. This calculator works for all locations in the United Kingdom. You don't have to use a hi-res picture, it will be scaled to 600x600 pixels anyway. Geog is a suite of programs written by Andy Talbot. Entering a QTH locator in the search box will move the map to the. To do this, move the cursor to your home location, click on the map and a dialog box will open. Listed under the Operating Aids/Grid Squares category that is about Grid square locators. The 8m band uses a Terminated Delta Loop with 20m sides with the top at 20m AGL. QRA-Locator – Map of Europe 1965 – IARU R1 The QRA-Locator consisted of a five-character code with two capital letters, a two-digit number and a lower-case letter, for example AB55m. €43. - a tool for measuring distance and azimuth QRA locator is an obsolete geographic coordinate system used by amateur radio operators in Europe before the introduction of the Maidenhead Locator System. Das QTH (ausgesprochen als „kyoo-tee-eych“) ist eine Abkürzung für „Location“ in der Funkkommunikation und wird oft in Verbindung mit dem Locator -System verwendet. Sporadic-E clouds. Source: Site F5AIB. The United States usually refers to Quick Reaction Alert as 'Airspace Control Alert'. K3NG Keyer; K3NG rotator Ethernet; K3NG rotator for HAM IV; K3NG rotator universal interface; Arduino and SIM800L; Station météo; HX711 mesure de poids; Economiser de la SRAM ! Arduino & SIM900; Arduino et mesure de tension; USB audio interface; Wintest;. Its main functionalities are : - calculation of QRA locator from geographical data (latitude et longitude) - "Save" function of the QRA locator of the. Antennas_manufacturers About Rtty mode Audio Recording Amplifiers Antennas Satellite Amateur Television ATV Aprs software Beacon Band Plan Ham Radio Capitals Europe DX cluster softwareAdjust setting as shown, enter your location or QRA locator, then press Create Map. Having been inactive for 35 years I am now trying to get used to the new Maidenhead locator system, I was brought up on QRA Locators with a 5-character structure, which doesn't seem to be. Calendrier REF 2023. The EZ QRA Locator softawre is a simple software for the calculation Great Circles & QRA Locator: Great circles qra locator map. Recommended methods to prepare coverage map 36 IARU-R1 BEACON COORDINATION 37. Advanced Member. 662. Setting the locator (grid) here configures this value into all other. eu) A valid contest QSO The Maidenhead Locator System (a. Its main functionalities are : - calculation of QRA locator from geographical data (latitude et longitude) - "Save" function of the QRA locator of the. For instance, PX square could be either in Iceland or Turkey. Enter at least a six character locator as it marks your location on the map with more accuracy. Prévision propagation VHF- UHF Europe. gridlocw grid locator for windows in the pascal-based environment of delphi. More information on how to create your own application, use hi-res picture or include WRC in other applications will follow. 00 HTF offer : two radio amateur wall maps with a choice of options and sizes. QRA locator map; Carte RS Europe; Circular SWR ruler; APRS; Arduino. program to make Great Circle maps from any location. Victoria. The total attenuation is therefore 27. Its purpose is to be concise, accurate and robust in the face of interference and adverse. CONTACT DETAILS. K3NG Keyer; K3NG rotator Ethernet; K3NG rotator for HAM IV; K3NG rotator universal interface; Arduino and SIM800L; Station météo; HX711 mesure de poids; Economiser de la SRAM ! Arduino & SIM900; Arduino et mesure de tension; USB audio interface; Wintest;. It has been developed for a course on Visual Basic as an example. . . 00 European QRA Locator Map (V3) for Radioamateurs, ideal for the shack. In accordance with Google Safe Browsing and Symantec qra-locator-map. 3 HamCalc is a free collection of calculators for radio amateurs include Antenna ERP calculations, Attenuators, Audio Filter design, Coil Winding, Decibels, Great Circles map and calculator, HF Filters, HF Traps, Metric conversions OP Amps QRA Locator to Latitude/Longitude, Radio Horizon calculator, Resonance Satellite orbit calculator Timer. Argus. Its purpose is to be concise, accurate, and robust in the face of interference and other adverse transmission conditions. Enter your Maidenhead Locator (All six characters) Enter the remote locator (All six characters) and then. It is administered by G8JNJ. The transmit frequency can be the same (simplex) or different (duplex) from the receive frequency. You don't have to use a hi-res picture, it will be scaled to 600x600 pixels anyway. QRA was developed in the 1970s for the aerospace, electronics, and nuclear power industries, and in the. Il World Wide. Telnet access to DX Clusters and Reverse Beacon Network (RBN) CW, RTTY Skimmer: dxcluster. The "Maidenhead QTH Locator System" is the official QTH locator system adopted by the IARU (International Amateur Radio Union) and replaces the old "QRA Locator System". a. The transponder has an uplink on 2. 80/10About QRA to Lat/Long converter The resource is currently listed in dxzone. For the location of works please view the live map. The system is based on the WGS84 co-ordinates and each 10° latitude x 20° longitude field is in turn divisible into a. You can use this handy tool to look up your stations gridsquare, or the gridsquare of that rare DX station you just worked. Some non-NATO countries maintain a QRA, either full-time or part-time. The first section is fed at its end and resonates on the highest band (shortest wave length), the 20 m. Geog UK terrain heights. At the Region 1 Conference in Malmo (1963) the system was refined by introducing a third sub-division, and in its final form the QRA-Locator. The Maidenhead Locator System is a geocode system used by amateur radio operators to succinctly describe their geographic coordinates, which replaced the deprecated QRA locator, which was limited to European contacts. 400 rettangoli con una dimensione immaginaria di 9260 metri (= 1852 x 5) di larghezza e 4630 metri (= 1852 x 2,5) d’altezza. description in english. Democratic People's Republic of Korea – See Korea. 5' respectively, the longer string being more precise. LOCATION. PI1DAF, 2019-06-08 10:29:27, Almere FlevoLand NL. com is pretty a safe domain. More information on how to create your own application, use hi-res picture or include WRC in other applications will followQRA Locator Wall Map Europe Version 1. From now on, the Leaflet API and free basemaps are used. 2. The mapcode system is an open-source geocode system consisting of two groups of letters and digits, separated by a dot. QRA-L ocator map, while at the Region 1 Conference in Scheveningen the system was re-baptised with the more appropriate name QTH-Locator. Here your own QRA locator is displayed which can be changed using Ctrl-L (important mostly for VHF freaks who forget to change the QRA locator in the QTH profile). 00 5/180 IARU-R1 IARU R1 beacons: a guide to good practice 37 Coordination procedure 37 Local Beacons: 37. In this case, you must make a loop between RTS and CTS. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Great Circle Calculator. More information on how to create your own application, use hi-res picture or include WRC in other applications will follow. Imp. Arduino Uno/Nano/Micro. Michael gave his QRA locator as KN20HS. This was the QRA-Locator<br />. Position MyHomeQTH. All of the necessary conditions for the QRA event were met for the free wave with zonal wave number k ≈ 6. UV-998 LEIXEN.